Other organs where CB1 receptors have been identified are the spleen, heart, liver, uterus, bladder, and vas deferens 10. In comparison, much less is known about the effects of the CB2 receptor. In the gastrointestinal system, CB2 receptors are expressed by lamina propria plasma cells and activated macrophages, as well as by the myenteric and submucosal plexus ganglia in human ileum 9,12,13. CB2 receptors are likely involved in the inhibition of inflammation, visceral pain, and intestinal motility in the inflamed gut 9,14. While symptoms begin as mild, they can intensify and increase your risk of severe problems.

What Are The Causes Of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome?

Over time, cannabis use changes the way in which the molecules present in the digestive tract respond, leading to CHS. Given the ubiquitous nature of the endocannabinoid system, dysregulation of its normal functioning can have dramatic and potentially adverse outcomes. Figure 1 presents a schematic representation of factors that may contribute to CHS. Changes in the endocannabinoid system may lead to alterations in other systems that have the potential to promote nausea and vomiting. The impact of endocannabinoid system dysregulation on various neurobiological systems and their Alcohol Use Disorder possible contribution to nausea and vomiting, and consequently CHS, are discussed in the following section. Yet, the information is not available to discern if CVS patients concurrently use cannabis to relieve emetic symptoms or if these are individuals with CHS.

What are the risk factors for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis of CHS do not currently exist. Some researchers have published their findings from their personal experience with the condition in clinical journals. CB1 receptors are mostly present in the brain, but they also occur in other organs. Research suggests that CB1 receptors regulate the effects of marijuana on the gastrointestinal tract. Scientists do not know much about the function of the CB2 receptors. With the consumption of marijuana increasing due to the legalization of its recreational use in many states, doctors may receive more reports of side effects from marijuana use.

• This stage can last for days, weeks or months if no marijuana is used.
• Understanding these differences can help patients and healthcare providers choose the right course of action.
• Researchers have several theories on the causes of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.
• A recent review has explored numerous potential explanations regarding various pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors of the cannabinoids 72.
• These studies only provide estimates, and rely on accurate diagnosis and disclosure of cannabis use; therefore, they are likely underestimations of the actual prevalence.

However, the number of regular users who develop weed sickness is not high. There is a lack of evidence that would fully support the current theories around CHS, which is why further research is necessary. Cannabis has many active ingredients, including tetrahydrocannabinol or THC. When it binds to the said receptors in the brain, it leads to a high or a rush of pleasurable feelings. Now, these cannabinoid receptors are also present in the digestive tract of the body.

The Exogenous Cannabinoids

Gastroparesis and Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) share some overlapping symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort, but they are distinct conditions with different causes. Gastroparesis is a chronic condition where the stomach’s ability to empty itself is slowed or stopped, often linked to diabetes or nerve damage. In contrast, CHS is a syndrome triggered by frequent, long-term cannabis use, where symptoms typically improve with cannabis cessation. Accurate diagnosis is crucial, as treating CHS involves stopping cannabis use, while gastroparesis may require dietary changes and medications to manage symptoms.

We believe in addressing the physical and psychological aspects of cannabis use with behavioral therapies, counseling, education, and social support. Research is ongoing on the exact way that cannabis triggers this problem. In the meantime, the best way to relieve CHS symptoms is to stop using the drug. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a somewhat rare problem that involves severe bouts of vomiting. It is more common among those who use cannabis daily for years. As more states make recreational use of cannabis legal, it is thought that this problem will become more common.

CHS Symptoms

Because of this possible complication, it’s important to use caution with marijuana and other cannabis products. If you think you have CHS or cannabis use disorder, talk to a healthcare provider. If you have cannabis use disorder and need help quitting, professional treatment is available.

• Moreover, individuals may be unwilling to disclose their cannabis use to physicians or be unaware of the emetic effects of cannabis, leading to misdiagnosis and underreporting of CHS.
• While the condition is treatable, early recognition and quitting cannabis are crucial for recovery.
• However, as legalization is still in progress, the number of people using marijuana is increasing, and so is the number of those with CHS weed issues.

It has been suggested that many of these patients increase or continue their cannabis use because of their perception that it will have beneficial effects on nausea 52. Patient education should therefore be provided with emphasis on the paradoxical nature of the symptoms of CHS. Furthermore, some authors have reported referring patients to drug rehabilitation programs in an attempt to raise the likelihood of long-term cannabis cessation 54,71. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of outpatient treatment options such as cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational enhancement therapy for marijuana dependence 73. Hot bathing has been shown to relieve abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting in people with cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.

About Medical News Today

Ceasing and abstaining from the use of cannabis is the only treatment that relieves and prevents symptoms of CHS, according to a systematic review on CHS management. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a rare problem that causes constant vomiting. Cleveland Clinic’s primary care providers offer lifelong medical care. From sinus infections and high blood pressure to preventive screening, we’re here for you.

Most people with CHS who stop using cannabis have relief from symptoms within 10 days. Researchers are currently studying several treatment options to manage the hyperemetic phase of CHS. People who use marijuana long-term — typically for about 10 to 12 years — are at risk of developing CHS. But not every person who uses marijuana, even long-term use, develops CHS. Some people call certain symptoms of CHS “scromiting.” The term combines “vomiting” and “screaming.” You may have intense pain, which causes you to scream while you vomit.

Prodromal Phase

As a somewhat new problem, CHS is often mistaken for other problems with the same symptoms. When combined with the fact that people may not reveal they use cannabis, getting the right diagnosis can take years. Compulsive hot showering or bathing may be critical in distinguishing CHS from CVS and other conditions with similar symptoms. Studies show that between 90% to 100% of people with CHS use hot showering or bathing to relieve symptoms. Researchers have proposed that this behavior may be included in the diagnostic criteria for CHS.